Loss of Genetic Plant Diversity Is Now Visible From Space
A new study combining satellite imagery with genetic analysis reveals that climate and land use changes are driving increased vegetation growth in Europe’s mountain regions, ultimately leading to a decline in the genetic diversity of medicinal plants such as
Greek mountain tea.
Mountain regions are among the most biodiverse areas on Earth, hosting some of the richest and most varied ecosystems. However, these habitats are undergoing rapid and profound changes due to global environmental pressures.
Over the last 50 years, increasing temperatures and shifts in land use at high elevations have promoted the expansion of vigorous, competitive vegetation such as shrubs and trees, a phenomenon known as
“mountain greening.” This encroachment is displacing the specialized, low-growing plant species that characterize open montane grasslands.
One such plant affected by this trend is Sideritis, a key component of Mediterranean montane grassland flora. Commonly known as Greek mountain tea, Sideritis includes several closely related species and is valued both by local communities and the pharmaceutical industry for its medicinal properties, particularly in treating respiratory and
gastrointestinal ailments.
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